Definition
ADHD is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or some combination of these. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for the child's age and development.
Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Is ADHD over-diagnosed? Under-diagnosed? Probably both -- and certainly real. ADHD affects children's school performance and their relationships with others. Parents who are wondering if their children have ADHD are often exhausted and frustrated.
Scientific studies, using advanced neuroimaging techniques of brain structure and function, show that the brains of children with ADHD are different from those of other children. These children handle neurotransmitters (including dopamine, serotonin, and adrenalin) differently from their peers.
ADHD is often genetic. Whatever the specific cause may be, it seems to be set in motion very early in life as the brain is developing. Other problems, such as depression, sleep deprivation, specific learning disabilities, tic disorders, and oppositional/aggressive behavior problems, may be confused with or appear along with ADHD. Every child suspected of having ADHD deserves a careful evaluation to sort out exactly what is contributing to his concerning behaviors.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood, affecting an estimated 3 - 5% of school aged children. It is diagnosed much more often in boys than in girls.
Most children with ADHD also have at least one other developmental or behavioral problem. Every evaluation should include a search for possible additional conditions, including conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities.
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